“Marxism of the Right,” by Robert Locke, American Conservative, 14 March 2005, http://www.amconmag.com/2005_03_14/article1.html (from Right Wing News).
Probably Not the Same Robert Locke
Robert Locke calls Libertarians “the Marxists of the Right”
This is no surprise, as libertarianism is basically the Marxism of the Right. If Marxism is the delusion that one can run society purely on altruism and collectivism, then libertarianism is the mirror-image delusion that one can run it purely on selfishness and individualism. Society in fact requires both individualism and collectivism, both selfishness and altruism, to function. Like Marxism, libertarianism offers the fraudulent intellectual security of a complete a priori account of the political good without the effort of empirical investigation. Like Marxism, it aspires, overtly or covertly, to reduce social life to economics. And like Marxism, it has its historical myths and a genius for making its followers feel like an elect unbound by the moral rules of their society.
Calling libertarians “Marxist” is just as useless as calling writers for the American Conservative “economist leftists with fascist tendencies.” It is just a name that does not move the debate forward. The only point is to demagog. I want comment on Locke’s claim that libertarianism reduces life to economics, but on his deeper confusion:
The most fundamental problem with libertarianism is very simple: freedom, though a good thing, is simply not the only good thing in life. Simple physical security, which even a prisoner can possess, is not freedom, but one cannot live without it. Prosperity is connected to freedom, in that it makes us free to consume, but it is not the same thing, in that one can be rich but as unfree as a Victorian tycoon’s wife. A family is in fact one of the least free things imaginable, as the emotional satisfactions of it derive from relations that we are either born into without choice or, once they are chosen, entail obligations that we cannot walk away from with ease or justice. But security, prosperity, and family are in fact the bulk of happiness for most real people and the principal issues that concern governments.
Locke conflates two different kinds of freedom. When most people say “freedom,” they mean “vertical freedom.” Vertical freedom is “freedom from those above you.” Put another way, it is freedom from state (vertical) power. Most American conservatives care most about vertical freedom.
Horizontal freedom is “freedom from those beside you.” This is freedom from those at the same level as you are — freedom from peers. It is the freedom from the expectations of society and opinions of your fellows. This definition of freedom is often popular with social Marxists.
Visually,
Axes of Freedom and Their Consequences
(Apologies for the Polemical Examples)
- Radical libertarians wish to live in the upper-left quadrant: vertical freedom and social freedom. For them a failed state is the objective. I agree with Locke that they are dangerous.
- Juding by his rhetoric, I assume that Locke himself wants to live in the bottom-right corner: a world where individuals are “protected” from making mistakes. Hence the title of this post.
- Our common enemy the leftist prefers the bottom left of the chart. The ACLU, for example, constantly tries to cut the chord of cultural and political control.
- I’ll stick with Adam Smith and Natural Liberty in the top-right.